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An example of the confrontational nature and belief system of religiously motivated

suspects illustrates the unique challenges that law enforcement faces when dealing with a

fatalist/martyr philosophy. It also illustrates the domino effect that may occur after such a

confrontation. Gordon Kahl, an adherent to the anti-government/racist Christian Identity religion,

escaped after a 1983 shootout with police that left two Deputy U.S. Marshals dead. He was later

killed during a subsequent shootout with the FBI and others that also left a county sheriff dead.

In response to the killing of Kahl, Bob Mathews, a believer in the racist Odinist ideology, founded

The Order. After The Order committed numerous crimes, its members were eventually tracked

down. Mathews escaped after engaging in a gun battle and later wrote, "Why are so many men

so eager to destroy their own kind for the benefit of the Jews and the mongrels? I see three FBI

agents hiding behind some trees . . . I could have easily killed them . . . They look like good racial

stock yet all their talents are given to a government which is openly trying to mongrelize the very

race these agents are part of . . . I have been a good soldier, a fearless warrior. I will die with

honor and join my brothers in [heaven].” Exemplifying his beliefs as a martyr, Mathews later

burned to death in an armed standoff with the FBI.

In light of the enormous amount of millennial rhetoric, the FBI sought to analyze a

number of variables that have the potential to spark violent acts perpetrated by domestic

terrorists. Religious beliefs, the Y2K computer problem, and gun control laws all have the

potential to become catalysts for such terrorism. The following elements are essential to

understanding the phenomenon of domestic terrorism related to the millennium:

When Does the New Millennium Begin?

As the nation and the world prepare to celebrate the arrival of the new millennium, a

debate has arisen as to the correct date for its beginning. Although the true starting point of the

next millennium is January 1, 2001, as established by the U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington,

D.C., our nation's official time keeper, many will celebrate January 1, 2000, as the start of the

millennium. The majority of domestic terrorists, like the general public, place a greater

significance on January 1, 2000.

Blueprint for Action: The Turner Diaries

Many right-wing extremists are inspired by The Turner Diaries, a book written by William

Pierce (under the pseudonym Andrew Macdonald), the leader of the white supremacist group

National Alliance. The book details a violent overthrow of the federal government by white

supremacists and also describes a brutal race war that is to take place simultaneously. To date,

several groups or individuals have been inspired by this book:

• At the time of his arrest, Timothy McVeigh, the man responsible for the Oklahoma City

bombing, had a copy of The Turner Diaries in his possession. McVeigh’s action against

the Murrah Federal Building was strikingly similar to an event described in the book where

the fictional terrorist group blows up FBI Headquarters.

• The Order, an early 1980s terrorist cell involved in murder, robberies, and counterfeiting,

was motivated by the book’s scenarios for a race war. The group murdered Alan Berg, a

Jewish talk show host, and engaged in other acts of violence in order to hasten the race

war described in the book. The Order’s efforts later inspired another group, The New

Order, which planned to commit similar crimes in an effort to start a race war that would

lead to a violent revolution.

• Most recently, The Turner Diaries provided inspiration to John William King, the man

convicted for dragging a black man to his death in Jasper, Texas. As King shackled James

Byrd’s legs to the back of his truck he was reported to say, "We’re going to start the

Turner Diaries early.”

During the year 2000 and beyond, The Turner Diaries will be an inspiration for right-wing

terrorist groups to act because it outlines both a revolutionary takeover of the government and a

race war. These elements of the book appeal to a majority of right-wing extremists because it is

their belief that one or both events will coincide with Y2K.

Interpretations of the Bible

Religiously based domestic terrorists use the New Testament’s Book of Revelation -- the

prophecy of the endtime -- for the foundation of their belief in the Apocalypse. Religious

extremists interpret the symbolism portrayed in the Book of Revelation and mold it to predict that

the endtime is now and that the Apocalypse is near. To understand many religious extremists, it is

crucial to know the origin of the Book of Revelation and the meanings of its words, numbers and

characters.

Charles Bosworth Jr., "Illinois Man Sought Start of Race War," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, March 15, 1998.

Paul Duggan, "From Beloved Son to Murder Suspect," The Washington Post, February 16, 1999.

The Book of Revelation was written by a man named "John” who was exiled by the

Roman government to a penal colony - the island of Patmos - because of his beliefs in Christ.

While on the island, he experienced a series of visions, described in the Book of Revelation. The

writing in the Book of Revelation is addressed to churches who were at the time experiencing or

were threatened by persecution from Rome because they were not following the government. For

this reason, some believe the Book of Revelation was written in code language, much of which

was taken from other parts of the Bible.

One interpretation describing the essence of the message contained in Revelation is that

God will overcome Christianity’s enemies (Roman Government/Satan) and that the persecuted

communities should persevere.

For right-wing groups who believe they are being persecuted by

the satanic government of the United States, the Book of Revelation's message fits perfectly into

their world view. This world view, in combination with a literal interpretation of the Book of

Revelation, is reflected in extremist ideology, violent acts, and literature. For this reason, it is

imperative to know the meaning of some of the "code words” frequently used:

Four (4) signifies the world.

C Six (6) signifies imperfection.

C Seven (7) is the totality of perfection or fullness and completeness.

C Twelve (12) represents the twelve tribes of Israel or the 12 apostles.

C One-thousand (1000) signifies immensity.

C The color white symbolizes power and can also represent victory, joy and

resurrection.

C The color red symbolizes a bloody war.

C The color black symbolizes famine.

C A rider on a pale green horse is a symbol of Death itself.

• "Babylon” is the satanic Roman Government, now used to describe the U.S.

government.

Black Hebrew Israelites, a black supremacist group, typify the use of numerology from the

Book of Revelation. They believe group members will comprise the 144,000 people who are

saved by God in the second coming that is outlined in Revelation (7:1-17). In the Book of

Revelation, John is shown a vision of 144,000 martyrs who have survived and did not submit to

Satan. This number is derived from the assertion that the twelve tribes of Israel consisted of

12,000 people each.

While he never claimed to be the book's author, the Apostle John was identified as such by several of the early

church Fathers. Authorship is generally ascribed to him today.

This interpretation of the Book of Revelation is according to the Catholic Bible and a Catholic scholar that was

consulted on the matter. However, there are other varying interpretations of the Book of Revelation within Christianity.

All symbolism was taken from The Catholic Bible; New American Bible

Groups not only use the Bible to interpret the endtimes, but use it to justify their ideology.

Phineas Priests, an amorphous group of Christian Identity adherents, base their entire ideology on

Chapter 25 of the Book of Numbers. The passage depicts a scene where Phineas kills an Israelite

who was having relations with a Midianite woman and God then granted Phineas and all of his

descendants a pledge of everlasting priesthood. Modern day followers of the Phineas Priest

ideology believe themselves to be the linear descendants of Phineas and this passage gives them

biblical justification to punish those who transgress God’s laws. Therefore, the group is ardently

opposed to race mixing and strongly believes in racial separation. The number 25 is often used as

a symbol of the group.

Apocalyptic Religious Beliefs

To understand the mind set of why religious extremists would actively seek to engage in

violent confrontations with law enforcement, the most common extremist ideologies must be

understood. Under these ideologies, many extremists view themselves as religious martyrs who

have a duty to initiate or take part in the coming battles against Satan. Domestic terrorist groups

who place religious significance on the millennium believe the federal government will act as an

arm of Satan in the final battle. By extension, the FBI is viewed as acting on Satan’s behalf.

The philosophy behind targeting the federal government or entities perceived to be

associated with it is succinctly described by Kerry Noble, a former right-wing extremist. He says

the right-wing "envision[s] a dark and gloomy endtime scenario, where some Antichrist makes

war against Christians.”

The House of Yahweh, a Texas based religious group whose leaders

are former members of the tax protesting Posse Comitatus, is typical: Hawkins (the leader) has

interpreted biblical scripture that the Israeli Peace Accord signed on October 13, 1993, has started

a 7-year period of tribulation which will end on October 14, 2000, with the return of the Yeshua

(the Messiah).

He also has interpreted that the FBI will be the downfall of the House of

Yahweh and that the Waco Branch Davidian raids in 1993 were a warning to The House of

Yahweh from the federal government, which he terms "the beast.”

Similarly, Richard Butler,

leader of the white supremacist group Aryan Nations, said the following when asked what might

have motivated the day care shooting by Buford O. Furrow, Jr., one of his group's followers:

"There's a war against the white race. There's a war of extermination against the white male."

The New World Order Conspiracy Theory and the Year 2000 Computer Bug

Kerry Noble, Tabernacle of Hate: Why they Bombed Oklahoma City ( Prescott, Ontario, Canada: Voyageur

Publishing, 1998).

Robert Draper, "Happy Doomsday," Texas Monthly, July 1997, p.74; Evan Moore, "A House Divided: Tensions

divide Abilene-area cult," The Houston Chronicle, March 24, 1996.

Evan Moore, "A House Divided: Tensions divide Abilene-area cult," The Houston Chronicle, March 24, 1996.

John K. Wiley, "Profile of attack suspect is familiar and frightening," The Miami Herald, August 12, 1999.

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